Designing for Change Toilets and Composting Toilets - 3025 Words

Designing for Change: Toilets and Composting Toilets (Essay Sample) Content: DESIGNING FOR CHANGE: TOILETS AND COMPOSITING TOILETSBy (Name)The Name of the Class (Course)Professor (Tutor)The Name of the School (University)The City and StateThe DateContentsTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc452498576 \h 3Discussion PAGEREF _Toc452498577 \h 4Sustainability PAGEREF _Toc452498578 \h 4Designer claims PAGEREF _Toc452498579 \h 7Improvements PAGEREF _Toc452498580 \h 9Better alternatives PAGEREF _Toc452498581 \h 11What I would do differently PAGEREF _Toc452498582 \h 13Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc452498583 \h 14Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc452498584 \h 15IntroductionDespite toilets playing a major and irreplaceable role in modern times, most people rarely think about them. Studies indicate that the designs of toilets have come along way since the adoption of civilization (Celestina, 2011). In addition, the evolution of toilets and their respective designs owes a great deal to the consistent need to protect and conserve water. As Johnson and Lynch (201 3, p. 1047) indicate, these two intertwined needs have pushed manufacturers to come up with different designs all of which have in some way been altered in ways that make each succeeding design better in than the previous. According to Koolhaas andBoom (2014), the conventional toilets consume up to 8600 gallons of water per flush and most people still prefer to use these designs. Although research has established that current echelons of poverty plaguing the globe have caused 78% of the worlds populace to hold such a preference, other studies point out that lack of proper and accurate information on the subject of water usage by such conventional designs is the main reason why modern designs have not been widely used (Jacobson Mullaly, 2011). Nevertheless, Koloski-Ostrow (2015, p. 84) believes that the preference for various designs is purely a result of a familys lifestyle as opposed ton prices and information.Additionally, studies suggest that apart from the two reasons are not s olely responsible for the evolution of toilet designs. For instance, Koolhaas and Boom (2014) argue that conditions at the site like lack of ample water may greatly dictate the kind of design chosen causing people to go for later native designs (Morgan, 2008). These designs as Morgan (2008) suggests comprise of composting toilets, incinerating, oil flush, and chemical toilets. However, it is as important to note that each design differs from the rest because of the measure of toilet design sustainability (Sanford Bosch, 2013, p. 43). This concept was introduced by Morgan (2008) and later defined by Planet (2016) as the incorporation of toilet designs in to sanitation to cater for fiscal viability, technical soundness, social acceptnce, and the need for a sound environment. More importantly, toilet design in terms of sustainability must be able to pave way for the achievement of enhanced sanitation. Additionally, Koolhaas and Boom (2014) opine that toilet and composite toilet design s in order to measure up to the demands of sustainability must focus on the deign to ensure that user experience, waste collection procedures, treatment, and disposal are well addressed (Morgan, 2008, p. 66). This paper will critically analyze the designs embedded in conventional toilet and compositing toilets in terms of their sustainability, improvements, better alternatives, and possible measures that can be incorporated in to the designs if re-designing was to take place.DiscussionSustainabilityNumerous studies have been conducted to try and ascertain whether the two products are sustainable. According to Morgan (2008, p. 67), it is important to appreciate the fact that both toilets and compositing toilets are products of Sustainable Development (SD). Sustainable development is a term often used to connote the ability to satisfy todays needs without having to endanger the capacity of subsequent generations concerning meeting their own (Winkler, 2011). It is therefore vital to ap preciate the fact that both designs exhibit value for SD.As Senior (2014, p. 23) argues, the reason why both designs are emanate from SD efforts owes to the need for designers to reduce the echelons of water consumption over the years. Consequently, both designs have the ability to ensure this only that the compositing toilets do a far much better work. For instance, the designing of toilets has been excellent over the years since manufacturers have been able to move steadily from designs that use up to 3.4 gallons to modern ones that use at least 1.5 gallons per single usage (Senior, 2014, p. 23). Nevertheless, Winkler (2011) believes that these reductions do not reflect across all toilet designs. Conversely, despite having fallen short in terms of SD efforts in the water reduction arena, toilets have been designed to fit numerous consumer preferences as reflected by the varying family lifestyles (Yasuno Sakurauchi, 2010, p. 739).On the other hand, compositing toilets manufacturer s have come with designs that not only reduce the use of water but ones that totally face out the water requirement. As Celestina (2011) suggests, this makes the design more appealing in terms of sustainable development and sustainability because the fact that the design uses no water reflects major changes in environmental conservation (Koloski-Ostrow, 2015, p. 85). Furthering the aspect of sustainability in dealing with compositing toilets, scholars have purported that unlike toilets the former design fits well in remote spots because in such locations conventional onsite structures may not be practical (Jacobson Mullaly, 2011). On the other hand, the design for normal toilets surpasses the one for compositing toilets because whereas the former are expensive and installed at high prices toilets are cheap and affordable for the masses thus making them more sustainable (Morgan, 2008). On the contrary, Planet (2016) argues that without paying regards to the issue of costs compositin g toilets are far more sustainable considering that their design does not require flushing for the process of recycling to begin as opposed to toilets that may require to be flushed repeatedly to clean the bow (Planet, 2016). As most scholars have opined means that the compositing toilets design is far more sustainable than normal toilets.Despite the aforementioned reflectors of sustainability as attached to compositing toilet designs, research indicates that sustainability is as well hindered by the fact that they require high echelons of commitment and responsibility to maintain as opposed to normal toilet designs that are easy and convenient to use (Yasuno Sakurauchi, 2010, p. 740). In addition, the lack of water usage as stated earlier is a great hindrance towards sustainability because compositing toilet designs as opposed to normal toilets may present users with tedious and unpleasant work while removing the wastes in cases where installation was faulty. On the other hand, no rmal toilets capture the essence for sustainability because water makes it possible for the removal of the end product to be easier and more convenient (Senior, 2014, p. 24). Below are images for the two designs as derived from Winkler (2011).A compositing toilet unit/design (Winkler, 2011)A toilet unit/ design (Winkler, 2011)Designer claimsLiterature indicates that it is important for potential clients to consider the legitimacy, accuracy, honesty, and correctness of both toilet and compositing toilet manufacturers and retailers before bending to any preference (Morgan, 2008, p. 66). Designers of toilets purport that the most recent design called ultra-lo-flow toilets has the ability to reduce water usage to at least 0.7 gallons and at the same time reduce disposal of waste water (Planet, 2016). However, a recent study conducted to ascertain the accuracy of this assertion indicated almost similar but somewhat dissimilar results. A visit to sites where the units had been installed i nclusive of parks, hotels, hostels, restaurants, and schools revealed that the results suggested by the manufacturers were only true in three of these areas- hotels, parks, and restaurants (Koolhaas Boom, 2014). According to Jacobson and Mullaly (2011), this suggests that the designer claims were not as accurate as ought to be and that the designers either through misleading research or intention provided inaccurate claims. Despite this inaccurate designer claim, the manufacturers have one true and accurate claim- that the design is most suitable for locales where precincts limit the capacity of sewage disposal (Celestina, 2011). In a research carried out to ascertain the argument, Sanford and Bosch (2013, p. 45) visited such sites and actually found out that the design has made it possible for urban areas constructors to overcome the issue of sewage capacity and still provide commendable facilities (Winkler, 2011).Manufacturers and retailers of compositing toilets have also made t he claim that their products have the capacity to recycle human waste and thus avoid endangering the environment with an efficiency level of 100% (Morgan, 2008, p. 67). This bold assertion has since attracted numerous investigations to ascertain its accuracy and honesty. However, studies indicate that the although the design is able to do as suggested the efficiency levels fall short of the stated mark by almost 30% (Yasuno Sakurauchi, 2010, p. 740). This as Planet (2016) puts it is mainly because of installation errors that hinder the suggested 100% efficiency in recycling. Conversely, Koloski-Ostrow (2015, p. 86) believe that this variation in performance derives from the availability of varying sizes of compositing toilet units arguing that smaller ones may not have the capacity to recycle large loads. Addit...

The Human Quality Of Obedience - 1326 Words

The use of deception in research has been an ongoing controversial debate in the study of Psychology. The method looks to extract and analyze data with the help of human subjects/participants; however, the subject is given false information about the task or objective that the study wishes to discover. Although the word deception may sound malicious and immoral, the purpose of a deceptive method when conducting researches attempts to make significant contributions to the scientific field being studied. One of the articles that will be discussed in this paper is an experiment that was conducted by a man named Stanley Milgram in 1963 that studied the human quality of obedience and its ability to become destructive. The other article that this paper also looks at is a research that determines the psychological impacts of deception in a psychological research. The latter further looks upon ethical components that is associated with the research. With deceptive research still capable of c reating risks, is it time to allow researchers to utilize Milgram’s research method in order to further increase our understanding of obedience? This paper looks to prove that the use of deception in research studies should be utilised, since the results of the experiment can be extremely useful. Even though risks may rise from the experiment, they can be greatly alleviated. As it was mentioned before, the first article that this paper looks into is an experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram.Show MoreRelatedObedience Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1310-04 28 October 2011 Obedience as an act can be traced back to the very beginnings of human history. The common belief has always been to obey authority at all cost. This act has never been questioned because authority corresponds to the common belief that respecting authority and obeying them will lead you to success in all aspects of life. 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The War of 1812 Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The War of 1812 Argumentative Essay The topic of this book was about how the United States was unprepared when they fought the British and how the war didnt really have a meaning. The United States had very small forces so therefor they were not prepared when the fought the British. Not to mention the carelessness of William Hull. Since the treaty didnt solve the problems that Great Britain and the United States had, the war had no purpose.The time in which it took place was between the years of 1784 and 1814. The setting was in United States from the Great Lakes to Louisiana to the Atlantic Ocean.The War of 1812 started because when the Americans tried to trade with other countries, the British wouldnt let the. The British also took American Sailors from there ships and put them in their navy. The War Hawks didnt like what they were doing to them. President Madison, in 1812, decided to go to war with more powerful British.When the was first started President Madison told William Hull to go to a fort in Detroit with a platoon and find a way to take over. When they reached Mounee River, they put all their gear, including their plans, onto a cargo ship to lighten the load.After the ship left the harbor it was damaged by the British. The British took the plans and attacked the American fort in Detroit. Hull didnt let his troops attack the British and gave up the fort in panic.Later in the war Americans built a fleet of ships to attack the British fleet in the Great Lakes. The British thought that they could surprise the Americans by waiting for them to get ships into the water. When the Americans put the ships into the water the British left to get more supplies. When the British returned, the Americans were in the water. And a battle was started with the Americans on the winning side.The battle of the War of 1812 was the battle of New Orleans. In that battle the Americans attacked the Red Coats with cannons with metal scrapes inside. Jackson set up his troops by having one live shot and the other line shot and so on with four lines. The way the British were lined up were straight lines of men shoulder to shoulder making it easier for them to be taken out. That one form of attack ended the war. The book gave me information that I did not know about before. The U.S.S Constition was not greatly damaged and it won every battle it was in. It shocked me by the way the British military fought. They fought in straight lines and moved with the beat of the drum. I though hey had learned there lesson from the Revolutionary War.

An Introduction To College Essays Services On Line

An Introduction To College Essays Services On LineCollege essay topics are extremely important, as they are the lifeblood of your college education. Professors are always looking for fresh ideas and those who know how to write great essays for their class. If you don't have any idea how to go about finding essay topics or how to write them, then you can rely on these online college essays services on line.There are a number of ways that college essays services online can help you out. You may be assigned to write an essay on a topic that is extremely complex. For example, if you're writing a paper on a celebrity, then there is no better place to get it right than to do it for yourself. That way, you'll know what to say to make it interesting and make it worth reading.The students need to be able to create some sort of connection with the professor. What happens when the student has something to say, but the professor doesn't understand? Most professors are not good at this, and there fore will do whatever they can to avoid reading their written work. They'll either throw it aside, or start a discussion with the students. College essay topics can help you avoid this situation, as well as making the professor read your written work in a more conducive manner.Many times, the student won't understand how to write a response to a professor. Then, it becomes very important that you send them a response email to explain it and to have it added to your references. The professor is only going to be looking for answers to questions they can't understand or ones they can fully grasp.It's incredibly easy to use these services on line to communicate with your professor without making him or her mad. You can explain things in detail, while also quoting the material from the professor's notes or syllabus.You can also create your own list of questions for the professor to ask you, or you can take that advice from the website. That way, you can answer each question and you'll ha ve a more logical explanation to offer, as well as adding a nice little twist to the discussion that may not have come up otherwise. You can easily be the smartest person in the room. The professor will pay attention and he or she may even ask you some follow up questions to keep things interesting.The other benefit to using college essays services on line is that you get feedback at the same time you are answering questions. You get to see what the professor sees as soon as they see your work. That makes it easier to understand what you're talking about, and you can make changes that may need to be made to what you have written to make it the best that it can be. It's a great opportunity to create something unique for your class.By doing this, you're making the student learns about writing and how to write effectively. The most important part of this is that you're developing a relationship with your professor.

The Secret of Persuasive Essay Topic Samples That Nobody Is Discussing

The Secret of Persuasive Essay Topic Samples That Nobody Is Discussing Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the recent rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. Other folks point to media and societal pressures. The social networking networks are really good since they make it possible for you to stay in contact with the said family. Torture needs to be illegal. You've got to compose an informative essay. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Know the aim of your essay. A survival program should develop into a must-have for each and every family in the event of natural disasters. The majority of us rely on the social networking networks to communicate with family members and friends, gather information and share what is significant to them. It's best in the event you choose a topic in which you are in possession of a genuine interest in as you'll be doing a lot of research on it and if it's something which you take pleasure in the procedure will be significantly easier and more enjoyable. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no authentic method to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). You have to know all facets of financial topics when you choose them. Choosing our service, you will understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the aid of competent experts. In such cases, you don't wish to decide on topics that require plenty of research and preparation. Possessing excellent research abilities and selecting a great topic is vital. Notice the crystal clear statement of the thesis, the concrete illustrations within the body of the essay, and how the conclusion contributes to a more general statement of what's perhaps to come later on. Examining either side of the issue can assist your readers form their own opinions. There are some basic guidelines to follow as a way to be in a position to compose a fantastic persuasive essay. When you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on somebody's thoughts about this issue you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. Top Choices of Persuasive Essay Topic Samples To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Qualities of a fantastic persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. A few of the topics also fall into other categories and we've posed the topics as questions in order that they are easily adapted into statements to fit your own viewpoint. Take notes concerning all possible topics you may consider. Persuasive essays are a really good method to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Following are some simple strategies to direct you in selecting the great persuasive essay topic for you. You're a true topic enthusiast! Since it's such a huge subject, you're going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. Still, figuring out the ideal topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. It's not highly recommended that you write whenever your mind isn't settled. While it could be hard to pick from such a selection of persuasive speech topics, take into consideration which of the above you've got the most knowledge of and can argue your opinion on. Naturally, it's the topics you may have a tiny laugh about! So here are a couple of ideas and topic suggestions.

The Basic Facts of Electrical Engineering Essay Topics

The Basic Facts of Electrical Engineering Essay Topics Using wireless charging in the health care domain will also bring major advantages. Moreover, wireless charging will eliminate the demand for outlets, which will raise the ease of traveling abroad as there isn't going to be a need to accommodate to distinct standards. The device was used to create the static electric charge. It is going to also help enhance the automobile transportation safety because it will give a more reliable power transmitting to key regions of the car. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Electrical Engineering Essay Topics Is Wrong A reader is only going to be interested if there's new info to be gotten from your paper. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are normally at no charge. To be able to compose a great paper, you must pick a great topic. You will have to give evidence from academic sources to strengthen your argument. Hearsay, Deception and Electrical Engineering Essay Topics Although there's a lot of focus on teaching how to compose papers, students often ignore the value of this skill. There are the benefits and disadvantages of internet for university students. The very first step that every student will want to take ought to be to recognize an ideal subject for thesis. Benefits of private schools. Essay writing in college is a challenging job to do. If you're a school student, your learning isn't complete until it is possible to write fantastic papers. Preparing papers is among the most crucial skills you may develop for your career. The reader ought to be impressed by the manner in which you defend your ideas. See that the ideas we've suggested for you are distinctive and innovative as there's a great possibility that everyone is already bored from talking about the reason why we don't have to use gas. The only thing you are able to do is pick your entire audience base and decide their preferences. If for some reason you haven't found possibly the most well-loved type of service, don't belong to despair in advance! The difference between both is often not made very very clear. A superb essay can help you to bring to an appropriate step later on. Here are a few of the ways whereby you are able to write an excellent persuasive essay. And always bear in mind that with an appropriate speech, comes a suitable mindset. After you have analysed the question and read widely, you must have a crystal clear idea what your principal argument will be. It is a good idea to prevent argument essay topics on moral issues because they don't support logical discussion. You may also read various philosophers to acquire an awareness of what theorists take into consideration when developing ethical systems. The New Angle On Electrical Engineering Essay Topics Just Released The field provides different regions to cover based on one's specialization and interests. In Italy the class work is based on five decades of training, but to be able to qualify as an Engineer you need to pass a state exam at the close of the training course. Every course has an identical elementary principles. The journey hence headed in the direction of the maturation of the very first microprocessor by Intel Corporation. Describe the whole process, and what things an engineer should look out for. Thus, you are going to be working in big teams to raise the manufacturing process. The Rise of Electrical Engineering Essay Topics The creation and transmission of electricity is comparatively efficient and affordable, although unlike other types of energy, electricity is not readily stored, and therefore, must be produced depending on the demand. For sure this is a remedy to lessen the costs, but nevertheless, it would be a disaster for many poor nations. Electrical projects are among our principal specialties at Edgefx technologies. Reducing manufacturing expenses. Some topics might be more important to certain kinds of engineers, however. Several websites offer you online help including all the topics in electrical engineering that may be selected. If you would like to learn more about how things works, then electrical engineering would be the ideal field for you. Electrical engineering is extremely popular with international students, thus there are various courses for you to select from. Electrical engineers will locate blog informative and entertaining. Thus, the electrical engineers are the demand for those industries too. The goal is to set it apart from the others in the exact same place. The second thing that you ought to take care of once you choose the title is to maintain in mind five kinds of argument claims. The work they perform is overwhelmingly needed, particularly in this technological age. With Electrical Engineering, you're helping society and getting paid a good wage for doing this.

Japanese Essay Samples

Japanese Essay SamplesThe language of the Japanese is that of the last thousand years. It is more of a mixture of Chinese and Korean than those of the Far East such as Japanese, Korean and Chinese. These are the two languages that are actually spoken in Japan, with the Chinese only existing in written form. The syllabic script of the Japanese has that of modern Chinese.Japanese essay samples should be able to provide proper knowledge of the language of the Japanese. They need to be arranged in a way that makes the student understand what is being written. It is important that the student reads them attentively and tries to derive meaning from the text and shows it to others.The Japanese essay samples are not structured in a way that can be easily understood. This would make it difficult for the student to gain understanding. This is the reason why it is important to read them carefully before final examinations. A student who cannot understand it can end up committing a large number of errors and waste the professor's time, time that could be spent elsewhere. Only one of the students can be examined, and this is important to understand the quality of the final result.The Japanese essay samples should not contain foreign words. This would not only create problems for the student but it is also extremely difficult for the instructor to explain. Only English can be used in the samples. The problem is that all of the syllabic writing in the samples is difficult to understand. Only when the student gets into writing the kanji will they get the writing system well and comprehend it.The essay material should be arranged in a way that can be comprehended. The presentation of the text can be adapted to the requirements of the student. The English that is used should be logical and make sense.The Japanese essay samples should be properly formatted and easy to read. It is very important to test the student in writing the kanji. The syllabic system should be used.The stude nt should be able to use a Japanese software program, a Japanese font and an English interface. Only when these things are present, the student can test the student in writing the kanji.